經(jīng)過(guò)多年的計(jì)劃，以太坊一年多以來(lái)最大的更新 Dencun 終于在周三到來(lái)。

這被視為一件好事。

但也許并非普遍如此。

Proto-danksharding 是 Dencun 更新（兩個(gè)同時(shí)更新的組合：“Deneb”和“Cancun”）帶來(lái)的主要變化，標(biāo)志著以太坊在“分片”道路上邁出了第一步，“分片”是一種通過(guò)以下方式增加鏈交易能力的方法：為其眾所周知的區(qū)塊鏈高速公路添加新車道。

該功能專門旨在降低第 2 層“匯總”網(wǎng)絡(luò)的費(fèi)用 - Optimism、Arbitrum 和 Coinbase 的 Base 網(wǎng)絡(luò)等鏈運(yùn)行在以太坊之上，讓用戶能夠在不完全離開(kāi)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的情況下進(jìn)行廉價(jià)交易。

雖然許多開(kāi)發(fā)者都在慶祝 Dencun 加速以太坊提高可負(fù)擔(dān)性的潛力，但其他人擔(dān)心它有可能讓生態(tài)系統(tǒng)走上一條從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看可能會(huì)反噬的道路。

“Dencun 升級(jí)是以太坊對(duì)更大可擴(kuò)展性明確需求的回應(yīng)，”開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)塊鏈基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的 Core DAO 的初始貢獻(xiàn)者 Rich Rines 在給 CoinDesk 的消息中表示。

通過(guò) Dencun，以太坊“專注于增強(qiáng)第 2 層解決方案”，但“這是否是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期解決方案仍然存在疑問(wèn)?！?/p>

原始丹麥分片

以太坊的費(fèi)用比許多競(jìng)爭(zhēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)更高，因此一直舉步維艱。

Dencun 沒(méi)有采取太多措施來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題——至少?zèng)]有直接解決。

加密貨幣投資公司 Galaxy Digital 研究副總裁 Christine Kim 告訴 CoinDesk：“以太坊不打算降低用戶的費(fèi)用，這是人們需要理解的現(xiàn)實(shí)?！?/p>

該網(wǎng)絡(luò)的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人 Vitalik Buterin 并沒(méi)有降低以太坊的 Gas 費(fèi)用（這可能需要數(shù)年的時(shí)間來(lái)計(jì)劃和實(shí)施），而是一直是推動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)走向“以 Rollup 為中心”的路線圖的主要聲音之一，該路線圖將擴(kuò)展的責(zé)任放在首位主要進(jìn)入第三方第二層網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

Proto-danksharding 是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一愿景的第一步——優(yōu)化網(wǎng)絡(luò)以更好地適應(yīng) Rollup，Rollup 已穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)，在總交易量上超過(guò)了以太坊。

該功能的工作原理是引入“blob”，這是一種新的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，第 2 層匯總可以使用該結(jié)構(gòu)將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布回基礎(chǔ)以太坊鏈。

"We're increasing supply significantly for exactly the type of data that rollups need, and also the type of data that's not really useful for any other applications on L1," explained the Ethereum Foundation's Tim Beiko, who leads Ethereum's biweekly "All Core Devs" calls and helped coordinate the Dencun upgrade. "This creates much more room for them to post their data, and therefore lowers the fees."

Fears of fragmentation

While pushing users towards cheaper layer-2s can help make the Ethereum ecosystem more accessible, some developers warn that embracing third-party networks could backfire – fragmenting the Ethereum ecosystem, and diluting its primary use-case as the premier blockchain "settlement layer."

"The natural outcome of wanting to push users from Ethereum to other L2s means that you are ceding your dominance as a general purpose platform for general purpose compute," said Kim. "You're saying that other protocols should do that responsibility of general purpose computation."

"While L2s are supposed to service the base layer, their proliferation may compete with the base layer for resources such as fees, developers, and liquidity," said Rines. "If the bulk of transactions take place on L2s, the economic incentives upholding the L1 may be diluted as validators’ fees evaporate. Furthermore, reliance on L2s could also fracture activity, weakening the cohesion and interoperability of the Ethereum ecosystem."

In the interview Tuesday, Beiko waved away the fragmentation concerns. Developer fragmentation, according to Beiko, is "more a feature than a bug." "Different people being able to deploy different types of rollups and experiment with that is hugely valuable," he said.

Ethereum rollup security

But there are also concerns with the security of rollups.

Whereas rollups are ultimately designed to "borrow" Ethereum's security apparatus – bundling up transactions from users, and then passing them down to the base chain with the same security guarantees – "L2s have varying designs, so any user who wants to access the full gamut of Ethereum use-cases may need to trust numerous different blockchain rulesets," said Rimes.

Not all layer-2 rulesets are created equal: Despite billions of dollars in transaction volumes, all of today's biggest rollups have "training wheels" – things like centralized sequencers or non-existent proof systems that rely on user trust to operate.

The training wheels help keep down fees and protect users from certain kinds of bugs, but they place the rollups out of step with key Ethereum values like decentralization and permissionlessness. "Rollups today are definitely not as secure as Ethereum L1 for a bunch of reasons," said Beiko. "It does fall on us as a community to educate people around that."

隨著用戶越來(lái)越習(xí)慣在充滿妥協(xié)的第二層網(wǎng)絡(luò)上進(jìn)行交易，人們擔(dān)心以太坊的去中心化純粹主義宣傳可能會(huì)失去影響力。

但根據(jù) Beiko 的說(shuō)法，向更便宜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的轉(zhuǎn)變可能是不可避免的，而以太坊只是在適應(yīng)現(xiàn)實(shí)。

“我不認(rèn)為以太坊的角色決定了整個(gè)市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該如何演變，”他說(shuō)。

“我很高興為用戶提供了更多選擇?！?/p>